Offered by David Apollo

[Click here] to go back
to the The Resilience
Personality
Tapestry Evolution
Section.
Genetic Diversity found in Mosquitos and Plasmodium causing Malaria



References

Note: there are actually two genetically related reasons for false negative PfHRP2-specific rapid diagnostic test results. There could be: Note the WHO malaria threat maps that detail where in the world drug resistance, insecticide resistance, and parasite gene deletions are occurring and hindering malaria control efforts: http://apps.who.int/malaria/maps/threats/

References

Amoah, L. E., Abankwa, J., & Oppong, A. (2016). Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2 diversity and the implications for PfHRP 2: based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Ghana. Malar J, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1159-z

Baker, J., Ho, M.-F., Pelecanos, A., Gatton, M., Chen, N., Abdullah, S., ... Cheng, Q. (2010). Global sequence variation in the histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 of Plasmodium falciparum: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Malaria Journal, 9(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-129

Baker, J., McCarthy, J., Gatton, M., Kyle, D. E., Belizario, V., Luchavez, J., ... Cheng, Q. (2005). Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine - Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP2) and Its Effect on the Performance of PfHRP2 - Based Rapid Diagnostic Tests. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 192(5), 870 - 877. https://doi.org/10.1086/432010

Berhane, A., Anderson, K., Mihreteab, S., Gresty, K., Rogier, E., Mohamed, S., ... Cunningham, J. (2018). Major Threat to Malaria CControl Programs by Plasmodium falciparum Lacking Histidine-Rich Protein 2, Eritrea. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(3), 462 - 4700. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2403.171723

Cheng, Q., Gatton, M. L., Barnwell, J., Chiodini, P., McCarthy, J., Bell, D., & Cunningham, J. (2014). Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3: a review and recommendations for accurate reporting. Malaria Journal, 13(1), 283. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-283

Demographic and Health Surveys Program. (2018). MIS overview. Retrieved February 19, 2018, from https://dhsprogram.com/what-we-do/survey-types/mis.cfm

Kozycki, C. T., Umulisa, N., Rulisa, S., Mwikarago, E. I., Musabyimana, J. P., Habimana, J. P., ... Krogstad, D. J. (2017). False-negative malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Rwanda: impact of Plasmodium falciparum isolates lacking hrp2 and declining malaria transmission. Malaria Journal, 16(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1768-1

Parr, J. B., Verity, R., Doctor, S. M., Janko, M., Carey-Ewend, K., Turman, B. J., ... Meshnick, S. R. (2016). Pfhrp2-deleted Plasmodium falciparum parasites in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A national cross-sectional survey. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 216(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw538

Watson, O. J., Slater, H. C., Verity, R., Parr, J. B., Mwandagalirwa, M. K., Tshefu, A., ... Ghani, A. C. (2017). Modelling the drivers of the spread of Plasmodium falciparum hrp2 gene deletions in sub-Saharan Africa. eLife, 6. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25008

World Health Organization. (2016). False-negative RDT results and implications of new reports of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 gene deletions. Retrieved Retrieved February 1, 2018, from https://www.finddx.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/WHO-information-note-false-neg-rdt-results-May2016.pdf

World Health Organization. (2016). World Malaria Report 2016. Retrieved Retrieved March 18, 2018, from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/252038/1/9789241511711-eng.pdf

World Health Organization. (2017a). Map production: Global malaria programme. Retrieved February 12, 2018, from http://apps.who.int/malaria/maps/threats/

World Health Organization. (2017b). WHO-FIND malaria evaluation programme. Retrieved February 10, 2018, from http://www.who.int/malaria/areas/diagnosis/rapid-diagnostic-tests/rdt-evaluation-programme/en/

→ These Evolution-based examples of Resilience enablement were last updated 22 May 2018 12:20 PDT ←

Conserve the Liberty to change, adapt, and persist just as you have evolved to do, again and again.

Resiliently.

(Please use your "BACK" function to return to the previous page.)